Rubens, Peter Paul
(Siegen (Germany), 1577 - Antwerp (Netherlands), 1640)
Peter Paul Rubens (Siegen, Holy Roman Empire, present-day Germany, 28th June 1577 - Antwerp, Duchy of Brabant, Habsburg Netherlands, present-day Belgium, 30th May 1640), also known as Peter Paul Rubens, Pieter Paul, Pieter Pauwel or Petrus Paulus, was a Flemish Baroque painter. His exuberant style emphasised dynamism, colour and sensuality. His main influences were Ancient Greek and Roman art and the Italian Renaissance painters, especially Leonardo da Vinci; Michelangelo, whose depiction of anatomy he admired; and above all Titian, whom he considered his master and of whom he stated that "with him, painting has found its essence".
He painted a wide variety of subjects: religious and historical scenes, classical mythology, hunting scenes, landscapes, portraits, as well as drawings, illustrations for...
Philip IV
(Valladolid, 1605 - Madrid, 1665)
The third son of Philip III (1578-1621) and Margaret of Austria (1584-1611), the future Philip IV was born in Valladolid, the capital of the Hispanic Monarchy between 1601 and 1606. Sworn heir to the Crown on 30th January 1608, in the Church of San Jerónimo El Real in Madrid, he was educated by Galcerán Albanell, a Catalan nobleman of renowned erudition. Prince Philip, as he was then, received classes in History, Geography, Mathematics and military tactics. After ascending the throne in 1621, he furthered his education by expanding his reading and learned languages such as Italian and French.
Philip IV was married twice. His first wife was Elisabeth of France (1602-1644) whom he married on 18th October 1615 and...